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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving
picture, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a
screen, create the illusion of moving images. This optical illusion
causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate
objects viewed in rapid succession. The process of filmmaking is both an
art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes
with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature
models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and
computer animation, or by a combination of some or all of these
techniques, and other visual effects. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art of filmmaking itself. The contemporary definition of cinema is the art of simulating experiences to communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process and then shown through a movie projector onto a large screen. Contemporary films are now often fully digital through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition, while films recorded in a photochemical form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack (a graphic recording of the spoken words, music and other sounds that accompany the images which runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it, and is not projected). The individual images that make up a film are called frames. In the
projection of traditional celluloid films, a rotating shutter causes
intervals of darkness as each frame, in turn, is moved into position to
be projected, but the viewer does not notice the interruptions because
of an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
visual image for a fraction of a second after its source disappears. The
perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called the phi
phenomenon. |
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